Dear Friends,
I first became aware of the New-York based National Writers’ Union (NWU) during our recent battle against the Google Book Settlement. Unlike our Canadian unions — and the American Authors’ Guild, which brokered the Google deal — the NWU spoke up bitingly against the GBS, demonstrating an inspirational level of leadership on behalf of its members. Continue reading
Hello Everybody –
There are far too many of you now to email separately. But I have very much enjoyed corresponding with you, and if you would like to reply, please do so.
I have had a lot of questions from you about when this mess might get resolved. Short answer: nobody knows. The judge in New York City has given no indication when he will rule for or against the settlement, though one educated guess put June as a possibility. The judge has a lot of issues to think about, from class action law to international trade agreements.
There has been a wide range of comments from you about the passivity of your respective writers’ associations. You asked: why was it up to individuals to object? Good question. Maybe you should ask it of your groups’ representatives, executive, and legal counsel.
In sharp contrast, all major US writers’ groups (except the Authors Guild, which negotiated it) condemned the Google Grab unequivocally. These were: ASJA (American Society of Journalists and Authors), NWU (National Writers Union), and SFWA (Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association).
I am happy to report, however, that one Canadian group did step up and demand rejection of the settlement. CAUT (Canadian Association of University Teachers) is comprised of 65,000 members, and their brief focused on academic writers. “CAUT counts among its members many tens of thousands of authors, authors who come from all provinces and territories of Canada. By definition, such Canadian authors are members of the class and bound by the PASA. (Proposed Amended Settlement Agreement). The PASA– a private commercial document negotiated between a commercial actor (Google) and American commercial writers’ and publishers’ representatives (the Authors Guild and the American Association of Publishers) – reflects the commercial interests of its negotiating parties. These interests are commercial – not academic – and American – not Canadian.” Here’s the brief: http://www.caut.ca/uploads/CAUT_Google_Settlement.pdf
There has been a dramatic new development in the Google Books story. A coalition of photographers and illustrators, led by the American Society of Media Photographers, has just sued Google for copyright infringement. Those of you who have books with visual material in them may be affected by this. Up to now, the settlement has only applied to the printed word, leading to the possibility of Google displaying the text but not the images of certain books… a peculiar notion when you consider childrens’ books. This development could very well tie up the deliberations. Those of you who are affected by it might consider anti-Google action on behalf of Canadian photographers and illustrators. Meanwhile, Google keeps on copying, with no injunction to stop them. Here’s the lawsuit brief: http://reporter.blogs.com/files/complaint-2.pdf
Best Regards, David Bolt
http://thepublicindex.org/docs/amended_settlement/CAUT_objection.pdf
The PASA puts the United States in violation of international intellectual property law and specifically in violation of trade agreements among Canada, the United States, and other parties as those agreements relate to copyright.
Continue reading
February 2, 2010 | 7:16 PM | By Stuart Woods, Quill & Quire
http://www.quillandquire.com/google/article.cfm?article_id=11130
Last week marked two important milestones in the Google Book Search settlement: not only was it the opt-out deadline for authors, it was also the last chance for individuals and organizations to file objections to the settlement with the New York court overseeing the case.
The Association of Canadian Publishers and the Canadian Publishers’ Council both filed briefs in support of the settlement prior to Thursday’s deadline. However, an ad hoc writers’ group, known as Canadian Writers Against Google Settlement, called on the court to reject it. The brief was signed on behalf of some 175 Canadian writers, including Susan Crean, Heather Robertson, Monique Proulx, Russell Smith, Charlotte Gray, Judy Fong Bates, and Patrick Lane.
Prepared pro bono by University of Ottawa copyright lawyer David Fewer, the brief is the first to be filed by a group directly representing Canadian content creators. (The Writers’ Union of Canada, which represents more than 1,700 writers across the country, has not taken a firm position on the issue.) “This is a fairly strong statement by a large group of Canadian authors,” says Fewer, who is the director of the Canadian Internet Policy & Public Interest Clinic. “I would expect this to be taken fairly seriously [by the court].”
The brief is only the latest in a mounting tide of opposition to the settlement, which many are now speculating may be in jeopardy. The original settlement, which was taken off the table last October in the face of mounting global opposition, applied to publishers worldwide. A revised settlement, which will be the subject of a fairness hearing scheduled for Feb. 18, applies only to rights-holders in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and Australia.
At the very least, Fewer expects the amended settlement will have to be revised again to exclude Canadian and other foreign rights-holders. “All of the reasons for why the rest of the world got excluded apply to Canadians,” he says, “and the onus is effectively on the parties in the settlement to say why Canadians should be included.”
In particular, Fewer says, the Google settlement fails to honour the Berne Convention governing international copyright and disregards the unique trade relationship between Canada and the U.S. under NAFTA. The settlement also disregards Canadian provisions for addressing orphan works, respecting moral rights, and providing privacy protection to readers online.
“There are some pretty significant distinctions between Canadian copyright law and American copyright law,” Fewer says. “It’s a very dangerous assertion to say that … we should be bound by a class-action settlement [in the U.S.]”
February 1, 2010 – They’re angry, and they’re putting their well-chosen words into action. Represented by eminent copyright lawyer David Fewer, Director of the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic at the University of Ottawa, a group of Canadian writers has filed a comprehensive legal objection to the Google Books Settlement with a US court in New York. The Canadian objection joins scores of others filed by three US writers’ organizations, other interested public policy groups, and individuals. The court will decide the settlement’s fate on February 18.
The objection grows out of a petition launched on New Year’s Day, in which the writers’ group called the settlement “an assault on international copyright law” and “theft of a cultural heritage.” To date, the petition has accumulated over 500 signatures from Canadian authors outraged at Google’s attempt to foist a meaningless settlement on them after digitizing their work for commercial use without permission. One of the writers behind the petition is Katherine Gordon, a former contracts lawyer. She notes, “The legal flaws in this appalling deal are so obvious even the U.S. Department of Justice has expressed its objections to it. We think we have every chance of success in having the settlement rejected.”
The legal brief, prepared by Fewer after discussions with the lead authors, cites concerns ranging from NAFTA and the Berne Convention on copyright, to the special status of Quebec and French language writers. The objection concludes: “These public policy choices should not be left to private litigants, nor should they be foisted on authors. Such far-reaching changes should be taken up by domestic legislatures, debated between the users and authors whose legal rights will be affected, and implemented with the legitimacy that comes only from democratic decision-making.”
For the full objection brief, go to my blog post: CWAG files Letter of Objection
Hi All,
It’s been a Great Big Day. Today, CWAG (Canadian Writers Against Google Settlement) filed our Letter of Objection with the US court. Over the last four weeks, we have received an outpouring of support from writers across the country who have signed our petition and added their names to our Objection Letter.
a small collaborative of writers from BC, Yukon and Ontario: Mona Fertig, Katherine Gordon, Patricia Robertson, Kim Goldberg, David Bolt and Sarah Sheard.
CWAG was mightily assisted in this by lawyer David Fewer.
David Fewer is Acting Director of CIPPIC. (The Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law. An intellectual property and technology lawyer, he brings a decade of experience to CIPPIC’s advocacy on intellectual property and technology files. Prior to joining CIPPIC, Mr. Fewer practised intellectual property and technology law and clerked with the Federal Court of Canada. He has taught and written extensively on intellectual property and technology law issues, and is a frequent commentator in the media on such issues.
We let David Fewer know our concerns and he and his students drew up this comprehensive and dazzling Objection Letter which now follows:
Office of the Clerk, J. Michael McMahon
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
500 Pearl Street
New York, New York 10007
Dear Judge Chin,
We are a group comprising hundreds of Canadian authors who are part of the proposed Author Sub-Class in this proceeding. We write to register our objections to the Amended Settlement in the Google Book Search Copyright Class Action (“the Amended Settlement”). The Amended Settlement is a bargain between a single American company and a minority of American commercial authors and publishers. It is a settlement that our members do not accept. In sum, we ask that the Amended Settlement be rejected because it fails to:
We therefore ask that the Court remove Canadian copyright holders from the proposed settlement class, and reject the Amended Settlement until these objections can be resolved.
As a state party to NAFTA, the U.S. is required to provide national treatment to foreign investors,[3] and to comply with substantive copyright policy provisions of the Berne Convention such as refraining from the imposition of formalities.[4] The terms of the Amended Settlement, described in detail below, would rob Canadian class members of these protections.
Court approval of the Amended Settlement would violate American treaty obligations to protect Canadian copyright holders. If the U.S. does not meet these obligations, remedies will be available to both the Canadian government and Canadian authors and publishers under the enforcement provisions of NAFTA. We object to any settlement that would violate international protections for Canadian authors and publishers, and we hope that the Court will consider the following obligations when evaluating the settlement.
Approval of the Amended Settlement may subject the U.S. to trade sanctions under NAFTA. A book falls within the definition of “investment” provided in NAFTA, which includes “real estate and other property, tangible or intangible, acquired in the expectation or used for the purpose of economic benefit.”[5] Canadian authors and publishers who relied on U.S. copyright law to protect their intellectual property would therefore meet the definition of “foreign investors” for the purposes of NAFTA.
The Amended Settlement may violate NAFTA’s substantive provisions in Article 1102, which requires that each Party provide to investors of another Party “treatment no less favorable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own investors.”[6] That provision obliges the United States to provide national treatment to Canadian writers and publishers.
The Amended Settlement does no such thing. The rights of American authors are modified by the settlement only if their books were registered with the copyright office before 5 January 2009; publication is not enough. In contrast, Canadian authors’ rights are changed by the settlement if their books were merely published in the U.S. before 5 January 2009. In other words, the Amended Settlement treats Canadian authors differently than it treats American authors. And while such inequity can be excused by a rational state policy objective,[7] none has emerged. In fact, the Amended Settlement compounds the differential treatment of Canadian authors by inexplicably providing yet another version of the settlement for authors from France, Germany, New Zealand, much of Europe, and elsewhere. These are not distinctions based on principle or an overriding state interest; they are distinctions of convenience that cannot excuse a clear violation of NAFTA’s national treatment requirements.
Moreover, this violation would be attributable to the U.S. government, and would not be saved because it is an arrangement between “private” litigants. A state is responsible for the internationally wrongful acts of its courts.[8] As an apparatus of the state, the Court’s actions and omissions will be attributed to the U.S. Therefore, a court-approved settlement violating America’s international obligations would trigger responsibility of the U.S. at international law.
In 1971, formalities were abolished in the Paris text of Berne.[9] As a ratifying party of Berne, the U.S. is obliged to allow foreign copyright holders from other countries to enjoy their copyrights without being “subject to any formality.”[10] The Amended Settlement violates this requirement: Canadian author must comply with the terms of the Amended Settlement in order to prevent Google from copying, indexing, and potentially profiting from his or her copyrighted work. These requirements amount to formalities, contrary to Berne. For the reasons described above, approving the Amended Settlement will put the U.S. in breach of its international obligations.
The solution to this is simple. If foreign authors are allowed to opt-in to the Amended Settlement instead of being forced to opt-out, the U.S. will remain in compliance with its Berne commitments.
The requirements of Berne are incorporated into NAFTA.[11] A violation of the former will give rise to remedial procedures under the latter. In other words, Canada, or a Canadian investor, may have a cause of action against the U.S. We strongly object to any settlement that would violate Canadian authors’ rights of protection in the U.S.
In addition to violating international law, the Amended Settlement unfairly infringes rights allotted to Canadian authors under Canadian copyright law. Canadian authors enjoy legal protection for moral rights in the work they create.[12] When copyright owners authorize the reproduction of their works, as is their right, they may consider whether their work will be associated with commercial services. If such an association is objectionable to the author, they have the right to withhold a license to reproduce, perform, or otherwise exploit the copyright. The Amended Settlement violates our moral rights in two ways.
First, by lumping all Canadian authors into the class, they have no choice but to be associated with Google until they successfully remove themselves from the class. Such a removal would require an author to learn of the settlement, understand that their work is implicated, ascertain the procedures for removing him or herself, and then undertake those procedures.
Second, while a Canadian author’s work is included in the Google project, it will likely be displayed alongside advertisements that will be selected from Google’s corpus of keyword-triggered ads. Juxtaposing a literary work with any number of advertisements, none of which are approved or even approvable by the author, will effectively vitiate the author’s moral rights to be associated—or to decline association—with a particular commercial message. Where an author objects to the commercial message, such association may prejudice the honour of the author.
One might argue that the solution to these moral rights concerns is to opt-out of the settlement. This kind of burden-shifting should not be permitted. Canadian authors have rights under Canadian law, and those rights are protected by international instruments that the U.S. has ratified. It is no answer to tell a Canadian author, whose rights are about to be infringed by an American corporation implementing a court-approved settlement, that they must undertake their own protection. Such a rule flies in the face of the formality-free, national treatment regime that the U.S. has agreed to provide for Berne-country authors, including those from Canada.
We also object to the Amended Settlement because a monopoly, even one piloted by Google, in the electronic publishing industry will be bad for all authors and consumers. Google’s breathless intentions to grant access to the entirety of human knowledge are laudable. But in matters of copyright, the negotiation of a license is a necessary, important, and proper step in bringing an entire commercial work to the public. If Google can simply skip that step, paying a one-size-fits-all fee for its uses, it will enjoy a near-insurmountable advantage over any other competitor in the electronic book market. As the Department of Justice wrote about the original settlement, it is unlikely that:
“a competitor could enter the market by copying books en masse without permission in the hope of prompting a class action suit that could then be settled on terms comparable to the Proposed Settlement. Even if there were reasons to think that history could repeat itself in this unlikely fashion, it would scarcely be sound policy to encourage deliberate copyright violations and additional litigation as a means of obtaining approval for licensing provisions that could otherwise not be negotiated lawfully.”[13]
Without the corrective influence of competition, there will be insufficient checks on any anticompetitive behaviour that Google begins to exhibit. Condoning such a monopoly position would be irresponsible, and would damage the interests of all users and authors of copyrighted books.
We also object to being included in the Amended Settlement because it fails to protect the privacy of our readers. The right to read anonymously is crucial to a healthy democracy. In the offline world, that right has been protected by the physical characteristics of books, legal protections for reader privacy, and the norms of the book-selling industry. It was easy to take for granted the high level of privacy afforded by reading a physical book.
That may change when most of the world’s books are available, and perhaps eventually read, on services like Google Book Search. In contrast to the privacy-respecting nature of reading offline, Google’s business model is based on monitoring and monetizing its users’ browsing habits. To minimize the privacy risks associated with this new reality, we call on Google to adopt the privacy-enhancing principles that have already been outlined by the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the American Civil Liberties Union.[14] Specifically, we support their call for Google to:
We believe that the Proposed Settlement should be modified to reflect these privacy protections.
With respect to the problem of licensing the work of unlocatable copyright holders, we prefer the existing Canadian approach to a Google-run monopoly. An oft-repeated claim about the Amended Settlement is that it will allow the legal dissemination of copyrighted material for which an author cannot be found. The dissemination of these “orphan works” is indeed an important issue. However, Canadian copyright law already contains a mechanism for obtaining a license to disseminate works that have been orphaned by Canadian authors.[15] As such, the Amended Settlement is a duplicative and unjustified end-run around our domestic regime.
Books from Canada, the UK and Australia have been swept into the Amended Settlement because they apparently share “a common legal heritage and similar book industry practices.”[16] In actual fact, Canada has unique cultural, linguistic, and juridical characteristics that differentiate Canadians from other members of the Author Sub-Class.
Canada is a bilingual country whose two official languages, French and English, are used by Canadians across the country. Canada is also a bi-juridical country where two legal systems exist side by side: civil law in Québec and common law in other Canadian provinces. The differences between the two traditions that Canada was built on are so profound that the Province of Québec is recognized as a distinct society within Canada.
The effects of being a bilingual and bi-juridical country are evident not only in Canada’s rich cultural heritage but also in Canada’s legal tradition. Copyright law is not immune from the influence of Québec. The close connection between copyright and culture has created in Québec an ethos that values the authors’ rights, including moral rights, in a way that is unique in Canada and is almost unrecognizable to American copyright experts. Notably, Canada was the first among its peer copyright countries to enact moral rights provisions pursuant to Article 6bis of the Berne Convention.[17]
Authors of French language books in Québec and elsewhere in Canada represent a vibrant cultural heritage that enriches the lives of Canadians, the value of which Google’s algorithms and aggregate results will fail to recognize. The Amended Settlement, in lumping Canadian and Québec authors in with Americans into a common Author sub-Class, pays a disservice to Québécois, French-language authors, and Canadians.
It should be pointed out that UNEQ, the union of Quebec French-language writers, has more than 1400 members. TWUC (the Writers Union of Canada) has 1850. The French literary presence in Canada is enormous.
In addition, it should be pointed out that most notifications and the settlement document itself were in English. While Canada is called a bilingual country, most English Canadians do not speak French, and many Quebec writers do not speak English, or if they speak it, not very well. Certainly, not well enough to comprehend a complex document such as the GBS. This English-only communication proved extremely frustrating for Quebec’s publishers and authors. Several European countries objected strongly on this basis, and Quebec is entitled to object as well.
Today, the electronic publishing industry features online publishers who must negotiate separate contracts with rightsholders. These publishers’ collections are necessarily fragmented and partial. Even Amazon.com’s sale of electronic books for the Kindle, the world’s most popular e-reader, is constrained by its need to obtain individual licenses for the books that it sells. This must be frustrating for Google, as indeed it is frustrating for many authors and readers
A petition has been circulating among Canadian writers since New Year’s Day. The petition asks for the Amended Settlement to be rejected. While the more than 500 names on this petition are a mix of copyright holders who have both stayed in and opted out, it is fair to say that the settlement has become increasingly unpopular among Canada’s writers.
We have no opposition to using the Internet to make books more widely available. We do, however, object to a company and a minor collective crafting a “settlement” that will upend American, and, by specific inclusion, Canadian copyright norms. These public policy choices should not be left to private litigants, nor should they be foisted on Canadian authors. Such far-reaching changes should be taken up by domestic legislatures, debated between the users and authors whose legal rights will be affected, and implemented with the legitimacy that comes only from democratic decision-making.
Respectfully,
David Bolt
On behalf of the following Canadian authors:
Kathy Page
George Payerle
Lyn Hancock
Peter Levitt
Penn Kemp
Chris Turner
Sandy Shreve
Patricia Pearson
Ann Diamond
Mary Soderstrom
Blanche Howard
Joe Rosenblatt
Bill Schermbrucker
Maureen Hunter
Heidi Greco
Debra Ann March
Margaret Dragu
Chris Banner
Gwenneth Steward
Judy D. Ivanda
Carol Matas
Farideh Kheradmand
Jacques Pauwels
Christine Foster
Patrick O’Flaherty
Nancy Holmes
Daniel Wood
Daniel Bratton
Ed Overstreet
Barbara Florio Graham
Susan McCaslin
Marnie Parsons
Lou Allin
Susan Crean
A. Mary Murphy
Alex Binkley
Liza Potvin
Clea Roberts
Fred Kerner
Guylaine Beaudry
Christopher Levenson
Doug Symons
Margie Taylor
Robin Harlick
Rachna Gilmore
Liv Kennedy
Robert Thistle
Julie Keith
Carol Shaben
Jennifer Mitton
Wendy Priesnitz
Heather Robertson
Leslie Hall Pinder
Jamie Reid
Gordon A. Bailey
Eva Tihanyi
Erin Sullivan
Betty L. Dyck
Sharyn Heagle
Ron Smith
Monique Proulx
Terri Perrin
K. Louise Vincent
Patricia A. Donahue
Dr. Roy Jensen
Paul Vasey
Richard Paris
Susan Olding
David N. Docherty
Shauna Paull
Mary Lou Dickinson
Katrin Horowitz
Rick Blechta
Duane Radford
Edward Loyst
Sharon McKay
Allan Briesmaster
Ted Johns
Chris Brookes
E. Russell Smith
Andrew Scott
Darryl McMahon
Gordon Freeman
Michael MacLennan
Dr. Maxine Ruvinsky
Andrew Brown
Gwendolyn Southin
Barbara Murray
Joyce Nelson
Joseph Jones.
Peter Grauer
Carolyn M. Gossage
Graham Baugh
Susan Lyons
Heather Kellerhals-Stewart
Carole Giangrande
Ursula Vaira
Anthony Dalton
Ron Johnson
Jo Walton
Andrew Robulack
Barbara Lambert
Virginia Dansereau
Judith Fitzgerald
Rex Deverell
Tedde Moore
David S. Young
Robert Graham
Linda L. Richards
Star Weiss
Rod MacIntyre
Jane Goodwin
Maury Breslow
Charlotte Gray
Liz Clark
Candace Savage
Robin McGrath
Michael Shepherd
Pam Blackstone
Sean Horlor
Leona Gom
Noel Meyer
Glen Sorestad
Dawn Service
Stella East
Darlene Maynard
Shirley Skidmore
Thomas Philp
Barry Grills
Beverley Cooper
Joanne Arnott
Bethany B. Keddy
Di Brandt
Karsten Heuer
Joanna Lilley
Cynthia Flood
Mary Alice Downie
Robin Mathews
Margaret Slavin Dyment
Sandra Campbell
Richard Pound
Vanessa Winn
Ahava Shira
Sandra Janssen
Nelofer Pazira
Sandra Alland
Suzette Mayr
Judy Fong Bates
Nicole Markotic
Allan Fotheringham
Connie Marchand
Annie Fisher
Martha Roth
Tom Handford
Claire Eamer
Maggie Paquet
Joseph Nieforth
Nadine Shelly
Danda Humphreys
Derek Lundy
Barbara Scott
Michael Mitchell
Patrick Lane
Lorna Crozier
Derk Wynand
Erling Friis-Bastaad
Dennis Reid
Leslie Gadallah
Joanne Bealy
Roger Brunt
Katy Hutchison
Silvia Ivanova
Hayden Trenholm
Carl Johanson
Mathew Johnson
Paula Johanson
Virginia O’Dine
Cc. Michael J. Boni, Esq.
Joanne Zack, Esq.
Joshua Snyder, Esq.
Boni & Zack LLC
15 St. Asaphs Road
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
bookclaims@bonizack.com
Jeffrey P. Cunard, Esq.
Bruce P. Keller, Esq.
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP
919 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10022
bookclaims@debevoise.com
Daralyn J. Durie, Esq.
Joseph C. Gratz, Esq.
Durie Tangri LLP
332 Pine Street, Suite 200
San Francisco, CA 94104
bookclaims@durietangri.com
[2] Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, 9 Sept 1886, 168 Cons. T.S. 185, Paris text 1971 [Berne].
[3] NAFTA, supra note 1 at Article 1102(1).
[4] Ibid. at Chapter 17 (requiring that parties comply, at a minimum, with the substantive copyright provisions of Berne).
[5] Ibid. at Article 1139(g).
[6] Ibid. at Article 1102(1).
[7] See e.g. S.D. Myers Inc. v. Canada (2001), 40 I.L.M. 1408 at ¶250 (North American Free Trade Agreement, Chapter 11).
[8] See e.g. International Law Commission, Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its fifty-third session, GAOR, 56th Sess., UN Doc. A/56/10 (2001) 43 at Article 4(1).
[9] Berne, supra note 2 at Article 5(2).
[10] Ibid.
[11] NAFTA, supra note 1 at Chapter 17.
[12] Copyright Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42, s. 14.1 [Canadian Copyright Act].
[13] U.S. Dept. of Justice, “Statement of Interest Regarding the Proposed Settlement” (18 September 2009) at 22-23, online: <http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f250100/250180.pdf>.
[14] Electronic Frontier Foundation, “Google Book Search Settlement and Reader Privacy” (July 2009), online: <http://www.eff.org/issues/privacy/google-book-search-settlement>.
[15] Canada Copyright Act, supra note 9 at s. 77.
[16] Google Public Policy Blog, “Revised Settlement FAQ” (13 November, 2009) <https://sites.google.com/a/pressatgoogle.com/googlebookssettlement/revised-settlement-faq/RevisedSettlementFAQ.pdf>.
[17] Ysolde, Gendreau, “Moral Rights”, in Gordon F. Henderson, ed., Copyright and Confidential Information Law of Canada, (Scarborough: Carswell, 1994) at 161.
Here’s a new post from guest blogger, David Bolt:
Fiction #1. I’m going to get $60 a book.
In your dreams. Note that it’s (US)$60 per book to “the rightsholder”. How that gets split between authors and publishers remains to be determined.
And if the book is deemed “in print” (many US publishers say all their
backlist is now in print forever because they are making it available in
POD or e-book format), the $60 is paid to the publisher. It’s up to the
publisher to decide how much, if any, to pass on to the author(s),
according to the split specified in the author-publisher contract (which
of course probably didn’t provide for such a situation).
Even if authors believe that they own the electronic rights 100%, I think
the best they can hope for with most publishers is for the $60 to be
treated under the subsidiary rights clause, with a typical 50/50 split, or
US$30 per book for the authors. More likely publishers will treat the $60
under the book royalty clause, and send the authors US$6-9 per book. To
get any better split, authors will have to take publishers to arbitration
or (maybe, if they can get past the arbitration clause) to court.
Continue reading
Information giant Google is doing evil to their property, a growing number of Canadian writers claim in a petition urging a New York court to reject a controversial deal giving the company free rein to digitize the world’s books.
Acting independently of the Writers’ Union of Canada, more than 250 writers from across the country have so far signed the petition, which includes a call for the federal government to speak on behalf of Canadians potentially bound unwillingly by the terms of a legal settlement achieved in a U.S. court.
Authors Wayson Choy, Heather Robertson, Ann Ireland, Susan Crean, Keith Maillard, Silver Donald Cameron, Ron Smith, Graeme Gibson, Anne Cameron and Marilyn Bowering are among those who joined the call to reject what the petition describes as “an assault on international copyright law” staged for the benefit of a “predatory corporation.”
The Canadians are the latest in a growing number of non-U.S. groups, individuals and national governments to demand exemption from the all-embracing deal, which would allow Google to distribute digital books according to terms negotiated with New York publishers and the U.S. Authors’ Guild.
“The governments of France and Germany protested that illegal digitization of books amounted to theft of a cultural heritage,” the petition states. “We agree, and believe that Canada’s heritage of cultural nationalism should be applied to the Google settlement. All of continental Europe is now exempt, and so should Canada be.”
The group is hoping the petition will become the basis of an official intervention in the upcoming hearing, which is scheduled to take place in New York on Feb. 18. Although Google satisfied some objectors this fall by offering improvements to the original proposed settlement, many others remain adamantly opposed and have filed briefs with the court.
They include the U.S. National Writers Union, which is leading opposition to the settlement, and such acclaimed authors as Ursula K. LeGuin, who resigned from the Authors Guild last week, claiming its consent to the deal “sold us down the river.”
Petition organizer and playwright David Bolt, literary executor of late playwright Carol Bolt, said the Canadian writers decided to speak out in part because the Writers’ Union of Canada declined to take an official position on the settlement.
“They tried to work it from the inside,” he said, adding that the WUC achieved some success in achieving better terms for Canadian writers in the revised settlement. “But we thought we should go further and try to get the settlement rejected altogether.”
WUC chair Erna Paris, author of The Sun Climbs Slow: Justice in the Age of Imperial America, said the group has maintained its objections to two aspects of the settlement without taking a position on whether or not it should be rejected by the court.
One issue concerns the fate of so-called “orphan works” with no known rights holders, according to Paris. Another is permission the deal gives for libraries to gain access to digital books for free, something they are currently required to pay for in Canada.
“That really sticks in our craw because we think it could have copyright implications in Canada,” Paris said.
On the other hand, she added, writers who opt out of the settlement will forego revenue from digital sales and potentially lose control of their work. “If anybody who opts out wants to complain or sue, they’re going to have to do it independently,” she said, “and that will be almost impossible.”
The court-imposed deadline for writers to decide whether or not to join the settlement is Jan. 28.
Some writers are concerned that signing our letter of protest against the Google Book Settlement will, in effect, opt them out of the Settlement.
Let us clarify:
Whether a copyright holder has stayed in or opted out is of absolutely no relevance to signing this petition. Opted in or opted out, any writer can sign this petition. The petition is most definitely not a group opt-out (which would not be allowed anyway).
The cover letter and petition themselves do not claim to be a procedure for opting out.
On a subtler note, some people may wish to stay in the settlement — in order to get whatever advantages it may provide if it is approved — while at the same time hoping that the judge rejects it.
People whose want to opt out to visit the National Writers Union anti-Google site for how-to instructions. The NWU site link is provided in the cover letter to the petition. Here it is again.
http://www.nwubook.org/NWU-GBS2-FAQ.html
We hope this addresses your concern.
Sarah Sheard
David Bolt
Fellow authors and copyright holders:
Many of you are already familiar with the Google Book Settlement, and its dangers for Canadian copyrights. For those of you who are not, we suggest you skim through a highly readable statement by the U.S. National Writers Union, which flatly opposes it. http://www.nwubook.org/NWU-GBS2-FAQ.html
We are a group of concerned Canadian authors who would like to protest this settlement in as effective a way as possible. Accordingly, we have written a protest letter, which we hope will gather names, including yours. Then we intend to release the letter to the media, to politicians, and anywhere else that might conceivably have an effect.
A court in New York City will soon be deciding whether to approve or reject this settlement. We hope the judge rejects it. For those of you who have considered opting out, the deadline is January 28. This is also the deadline for any submissions to the court.
We have very little time left to influence the debate. If you would like to respond, please do so as quickly as you are able.
To add your name to this petition, please email dvbolt@aol.com (Your email will NOT appear on the petition.)
The following Canadian authors and copyright holders wish to protest the Google Book Settlement. Even in its revised form, it is an assault on international copyright law and has distorted class action law for the benefit of a predatory corporation.
New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa and India – all countries with English-language presses similar to Canada’s — have been exempted from the settlement because they protested vigorously against it.. We wish to protest just as loudly. The Governments of France and Germany protested that illegal digitization of books amounted to theft of a cultural heritage. We agree, and believe that Canada’s heritage of Cultural nationalism should be applied to the Google settlement. All of continental Europe is now exempt, and so should Canada be.
We believe that Canadian Copyrights should be subject to Canadian courts, as well as to the Berne Convention. We believe that Canadians should not lose control over their works because they fail to sign up in a registry in another country; and, further, that the opt-out (rather than the time-honoured opt-in) clause serves to co-opt many copyright holders who do not have the the time or inclination to study this complicated settlement. Also, the deadline for opting out insults common sense and benefits only Google.
The director of the US Copyright Office has said “no factors have been demonstrated that would justify creating a system akin to a compulsory license for Google – and only Google – to digitize books for an indefinite period of time.” She has called it “an end-run around copyright law”. We agree.
The US Department of Justice sees no reason why Google should not negotiate with authors and publishers individually, just like anyone else who wants to purchase copyright licences. We agree.
The Google Settlement was negotiated by the Authors Guild of the U.S. But other U.S. groups — the National Writers Union, the American Society of Journalists and Authors, the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers — are all unequivocally opposed to it. We do not accept that the Authors Guild speaks for us and join the above organizations in demanding that the settlement be rejected.
If the settlement is not rejected, we see no reason to trust in the future. The Google Corporation has behaved in an illegal and predatory fashion in the past and will likely go on behaving in this way.
We join with the writers’ and publishers’ groups, as well as with the foreign law courts and governments, who reject the settlement in its entirety.
Sarah Sheard Mona Fertig Kim Goldberg Katherine Gordon Patricia Robertson Marilyn Bowering Wayson Choy Heather Robertson Graeme Gibson Richard Pound Leo McGrady Q.C.